1.Java
Java which was released in 1995 by Sun Microsystemsis an object-oriented language which uses a compiler. Java is the number one programming language to date. It is a well-organized programming language with a strong library of reusable software components. Programs written in Java can run on many different computer architectures and operating systems because of the use of the JVM (Java virtual machine). Java is also referred to as codeportability or even WORA (write once, run anywhere).
Java’s greatest strength is WORA (write once, runanywhere), it is also the most popular programming language in the world as it is used in everything thing, from microwaves to super computers. It is the most universal programming language in the world.
Java’s greatest weaknesses is that it is slower than natively compiled programming languages.
2.C
C was language developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972. It is compiled, and was developed for use in the UNIX operating system. It is designed to be portable by nature, but neverthelessC programs must be specifically compiled for computers with different architectures and operating systems. This makes them super fast and easily executed.Cprogramming languageis a relatively old language, but it is still widely used for system programming, writing other programming languages, and in embedded systems.
The greatest strength of C is itsspeed.
C's greatest weakness is that it can be very difficult to master its Memory management.
3.C++
C++ was written as an update to C in 1979 by Bjarne Stroustrup. It is a compiled, multi-paradigm programming language. It attempts to be backwards-compatible with C and is object-orientation, which helps in larger projectsand allows flexibilty.Despite its age, C++ is used to create a wide array of applications from games to office suitesto website. It is easy to understand and is one of the most commonly used programming language use by programmers.
The strength of C++ is the same as its predecessor C, speed.
The weakness of C++ is that it is older and considered clumsier than newer object-oriented languages such as Java or C#.
4.PHP
PHP was developed in 1996 by Rasmus Lerdorf. It was developed to create dynamic web pages. PHP is a multi-paradigm language that uses a run-time interpreter. In the beginning, PHP was not even a real programming language, but over time it eventually grew into a fully featured object-oriented programming language. Although PHP has been muchcriticized in the past for being a bit sloppy and insecure, it's been pretty good since version 5 came out in 2004. It's hard to argue with success. Today,PHP is the most popular language used to write web applications.
Strengths of PHP: it is and good Web programming and a good documentation.
Weaknesses of PHP: Inconsistent syntax, too many ways to do the same thing, a history of bizarre security decisions.
5.VB (or Visual Basic)
Visual Basic was developed by Microsoft Corporation for the Windows platform. It is an interpreted, multi-paradigm programming language. It has been evolving over the years and is seen as a direct descendant of Microsoft's old BASIC from the 1970's. Visual Basic is a good language for scripting Windows applications that do not need the power and speed of C#.
Strengths of VB: None.
Weaknesses of VB: Only runs in Windows.
6.Python
Python was developed by Guido van Rossum in the late1980's for the purpose of general programming. It is an interpreted, multi-paradigm programming language. Python was not named after the snake but actually after the Monty Python comedy group. Python is characterized by its use of indentation for readability, and its encouragement for elegant code by making developers do similar things in similar ways. Python is used as the main programming choice of both Google and Ubuntu.
Strengths of Python: Excellent readability and overall philosophy.
Weaknesses of Python: None.
7C#
C# was developed by Microsoft. C# is a compiled,object-oriented programming language. It is an open specification, but rarely seen on any non-Windows platform. C# was conceived as Microsoft's premium language in its .NET Framework. It is very similar to Java in both syntax andnature.
Strengths of C#: It is powerful and pretty fast.
Weaknesses of C#: Only suitable for Windows.
8.JavaScript
JavaScript is an interpreted, multi-paradigm programming language. A very strange one too. Despite its name, it has nothing whatsoever to do with Java. You will rarely, if ever, see this language outsideof a web browser. It is basically a language meant to script behaviors in web browsers and used for things such as web form validation and AJAX style web applications. The trend in the future seems to be building more and more complex applications in JavaScript, even simple online games and office suites.The success of this trend will depend upon advancements in the speed of abrowser's JavaScript interpreter. If you want to be correct, the real name ofthis programming language is ECMAscript, although almost nobody actually callsit this.
Strengths of JavaScript: it's the only reliable wayto do client-side web programming.
Weaknesses of JavaScript: it's only really useful ina web browser.
9.Perl
Perl was developed by Larry Wall in 1986. Perl is aninterpreter, multi-paradigm programming language. It is characterized by a somewhat disorganized and scary-looking syntax which only makes sense to other PERL programmers. However, a lot of veteran programmers love it and use ifevery day as their primary language. 10 years ago, Perl was more popular thanit is today. What happened is that a lot of newer programmers and even old Perl programmers have switched to other languages such as PHP, Python, and Ruby.Perl is perhaps still the best language for text processing and system administration scripting.
Strengths of Perl: Text processing and system administration.
Weaknesses of Perl: it has a strange syntax, and perhaps too many ways to do the same thing.
10.Ruby
Ruby was developed by Yukihiro Matsumoto around 1995.Ruby is an interpreted, object-oriented programming language. It is one of the most object-oriented languages in the world. Everything is an object in Ruby,even letters and numbers can have method calls. It's a great language to learn if you love objects. The only negative is that its love of object-orientation makes it a bit slow, even for an interpreted language.
Strengths of Ruby: Perhaps the world's mostobject-oriented language.
Weaknesses of Ruby: Because of its superior objectmodel, it a bit slow.